LIABILITY
This site is operated and managed by Flickeria, while all content is copyrighted by Kirk Shannon-Butts.
A. Applicable Sites
These legal notices apply to sites that are managed and operated by Flickeria. They do not apply to other online or offline Flickeria websites, products or services.
B. Copyright Notice
All content is Copyright © Kirk Shannon-Butts. All rights reserved. All materials found on any of the Sites are protected by United States and international copyright laws and treaty provisions and may not be reproduced, copied, edited, published, transmitted, uploaded, distributed, publicly performed or otherwise used in any manner, except with the prior express permission of Flickeria on behalf of Kirk Shannon-Butts.
C. Trademarks
Flickeria is a trademark of Kirk Shannon-Butts, all pending or registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
D. Requesting Reproduction Permissions
No material found or located on any Flickeria site may be reproduced or used for commercial purposes without the prior written permission of Flickeria. You may email Flickeria/Kirk Shannon-Butts (the owner of the copyrights), to request permission at the following email address: Kirk@Flickeria.com
IMPORTANT! PLEASE READ CAREFULLY
This User Agreement constitutes a legal agreement between you and Flickeria and spells out the terms and conditions to which users of Flickeria are expected to adhere. Please read this User Agreement carefully before using Flickeria.
By otherwise using our website in any manner, you acknowledge that you have read and understand and agree to be bound by the terms set forth here, as well as (a) the terms of our Privacy Policy and (b) any supplemental terms appearing at an applicable site, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference into this User Agreement (collectively referred to as the “Agreement”). If you do not agree with or do not wish to be bound by all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, do not subscribe to or use any of the Sites or any portion of the Sites. We reserve the right to amend this Agreement at any time and will post the amended Agreement here.
This Agreement applies to Flickeria.
1. CONTENT AND USER SUBMISSIONS
1.1. The contents of the Flickeria (“the Service”), is intended for the personal, noncommercial use of its users. All materials published on the Sites (including, but not limited to articles, blog entries, comments, text, photographs, images, illustrations, product descriptions, audio, video, software, trademarks, logos and other materials found on the Sites (collectively, the “Content”)) are protected by copyright, trademark and all other applicable intellectual property laws, and are owned or controlled by Flickeria or the party credited as the provider of such Content, software or other materials. You shall abide by copyright or other notices, information and restrictions appearing in conjunction with any Content accessed through the Service.
1.2. The Service is protected by copyright as a collective work and/or compilation, pursuant to United States copyright laws, international conventions and other applicable intellectual property laws, rules and regulations. Except as may otherwise be set forth in this Section 1, you may not reproduce, modify, adapt, translate, exhibit, publish, transmit, participate in the transfer, rental or sale of, create derivative works from, distribute, perform, display, reverse engineer, decompile or dissemble, or in any way exploit, any of the Content, software, materials, Sites or the Service in whole or in part. You may not use any meta tags or any other “hidden text” utilizing Flickeria name or trademarks without the express prior written consent of Flickeria.
1.3. Copying or storing of any Content for any purpose other than your personal, noncommercial use as part of the Service is expressly prohibited without the prior written permission from Flickeria’s Rights and Permissions Department, or the copyright holder identified in the individual Content’s proprietary rights notices. For purposes of clarification, but not limitation, including any Content (in whole or in part) on your personal website, when it is accessible to any other person, is not a personal use and is not permitted.
1.4. You agree that any information, feedback, questions, comments and/or submissions to any of the Public Forums (as discussed below) or the like that you provide to us in connection with any Site or our Service (collectively, “Submissions”) will be deemed to have been provided to us on a non-confidential and non-proprietary basis, and you grant Flickeria a nonexclusive, royalty-free, perpetual, irrevocable, and fully sub-licensable right to use, reproduce, modify, adapt, publish, translate, create derivative works from, distribute, and display such content throughout the world in any media. You grant Flickeria and sub-licensees the right to use the name that you submit in connection with such content, if they choose. We will have no obligations or liability of any kind to you or any third party with respect to any Submission and shall be free to reproduce, use, disclose, distribute and/or otherwise exploit any Submission for any purpose whatsoever, without limitation. You also agree that we shall be free to use any ideas, concepts or techniques embodied in any Submission for any purpose whatsoever, including, but not limited to, developing, manufacturing, and marketing products or services incorporating such ideas, concepts, or techniques without your approval or compensation to you. You waive any rights you may have in modifications or alterations to your Submissions or in the event that your Submission is changed in a manner not agreeable to you. In addition, you hereby waive all moral rights you may have in any materials uploaded to the Service or sent to us by you.
All messages transmitted to Flickeria will be readily accessible to the general public. You should not use any Site to transmit any communication, which you intend only the intended recipient(s) to read. Notice is hereby given that any and all messages uploaded to any of the Sites can and may be read by the operators of this Service, regardless of whether or not the operators are the intended recipients of such messages.
1.6. To enable Flickeria to use the information you supply to us through your Submissions, and so that we are not violating any rights you might have in that information, you agree to grant us a non-exclusive, worldwide, perpetual, irrevocable, royalty-free, sub-licensable (through multiple tiers) right to exercise any copyright, publicity and database rights you have in that information, in any media now known or developed in the future, with respect to your information. However, Flickeria will only use your personal information in accordance with our Privacy Policy.
1.7. If you believe that the content of any Submission provided by you, or any Content appearing on a Site, has been used on Flickeria in a manner that constitutes copyright infringement, please provide our Copyright Agent with a written notice (email is sufficient) that includes the following information: (i) an electronic or physical signature of a person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of the exclusive right that is allegedly infringed; (ii) identification of the copyrighted work claimed to have been infringed; (iii) a description of where the material that you claim is infringing is located on the Site; (iv) your mailing address, telephone number, and e-mail address; (v) a statement by you that you have a good faith belief that the disputed use is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law; and (vi) a statement by you, under penalty of perjury, that the information in your notice is accurate and that you are the copyright owner or authorized to act on the copyright owner’s behalf.
Flickeria designated Copyright Agent to receive notifications of claimed infringement is as follows:
Flickeria Attn: Intellectual Property Counsel
3727 Frankford Avenue
Baltimore, MD 21206
E-mail: kirk@flickeria.com
Phone No.: 917.545.4360
If you fail to comply with all of the requirements of a DMCA notice, Flickeria may not act upon your notice. Please be advised that any DMCA Notices sent to Flickeria may be sent to third parties (including the accused) and posted on the internet.
2. Forums and Discussions
2.1. The Sites may make available comments sections, chat rooms, forums, message boards, and/or news groups to its users (“Public Forum(s)”). You shall not upload to, or distribute or otherwise publish through, a Public Forum any content which is illegal, libelous, defamatory, obscene, pornographic, profane, sexually explicit, abusive, invasive of privacy, infringing of intellectual property rights, or otherwise injurious to third parties or objectionable and does not consist of or contain software viruses, political campaigning, commercial solicitation, chain letters, mass mailings, or any form of “spam.” Please use your best judgment and be respectful of other individuals using the Public Forums. You agree not to use vulgar, abusive or hateful language.
2.2. You represent and warrant that you own or otherwise control all rights to any content that you post to any Public Forum; that the content is accurate; that use of the content you supply does not violate this Agreement and will not cause injury to any person or entity; and that you will indemnify Flickeria for all claims resulting from content you supply.
2.3. The Public Forums within the Sites are provided to give our users an interesting and stimulating forum in which they may express opinions and share ideas. Flickeria does not endorse the opinions reflected on these Public Forums. You acknowledge that any Submissions may be reproduced, published, transmitted, edited, removed, modified, used and/or displayed by Flickeria in any manner pursuant to Section 1.4, above.
2.4. You may only use the Public Forums in a noncommercial manner. You shall not, without the express prior approval of Flickeria, use the Public Forums to distribute or otherwise publish any material containing any solicitation of funds, advertising or solicitation for goods or services, or to promote websites or online services that are competitive with Flickeria and the Service or otherwise.
2.5. While we do not and cannot review every message posted by users in the Public Forums and are not responsible for the content of any of these messages, Flickeria reserves the right to delete, move or edit messages that we, in our sole discretion, deem are in violation of the law (including trademark and copyright law), or this Agreement, or are abusive, defamatory, obscene or otherwise unacceptable. Flickeria takes no responsibility and assumes no liability for any content posted by you or any third party. You shall remain solely responsible for the content of your messages.
3. Access and Availability of Links
3.1. The Site may contain links to other websites, resources and collaborators of Flickeria. Selection of any banner advertisement or link may redirect you off to a third party website. Interactions and/or transactions that occur between you and any such third party are strictly between you and that third party and are not the responsibility of Flickeria. We are not responsible for examining or evaluating, and do not warrant the offerings of, any of these businesses or individuals or the content of their websites. Flickeria does not assume any liability or responsibility for the actions, product, availability or content of these outside resources. You should direct any concerns regarding any external link to the site administrator or Webmaster of the third party website.
4. Registration & Security
4.1. In order to access certain areas of the Sites and to post comments to the Public Forums, you will be required to register and, in the case of members’ areas on the Sites, pay for such access. You must agree to abide by all of the terms contained in the Agreement in order to become or remain an authorized subscriber of any of the Sites.
4.2. In order to register and subscribe for a paid membership to one of the Sites, you must indicate agreement with the terms and conditions of this Agreement by checking the “I have read and agree to the membership Terms and Conditions” checkbox on the registration page. You will not be allowed to subscribe to the Sites before clicking that checkbox. Feel free to read and reread this Agreement as often as you want before subscribing to the Sites. If you do not wish to agree to these terms and conditions, do not click the “Trial Membership” button (in the case of free or trial memberships), or the “Click Here to Join” button (in the case of paid subscriptions). You understand, however, that you will not be subscribed for a paid membership to the Sites unless you agree to the terms of this Agreement by clicking on the button as set forth above. Flickeria reserves the right, at its discretion, to change, modify, add or remove portions of this Agreement at any time. Occasionally, Flickeria may ask you to accept the terms of such changes to continue using the Sites.
4.3. As part of the registration/subscription process, you will select a password and user name (collectively, a “Site ID”). You agree to provide Flickeria with accurate, complete and updated registration information. Failure to do so will constitute a breach of this Agreement, which may result in immediate termination of your account. You may not (a) select or use a screen name of another person with the intent to impersonate that person; (b) use a name subject to the rights of any person other than yourself without authorization; or (c) use a screen name that Flickeria, in its sole discretion, deems offensive.
4.4. You are solely responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your Site ID and shall notify Flickeria of any known or suspected unauthorized use(s) of your account, Site ID or any known or suspected breach of security, including loss, theft or unauthorized disclosure of your password or credit card information.
4.5. You are responsible for all usage or activity on your account to any of the Sites. Any fraudulent, abusive or otherwise illegal activity may be grounds for termination of your account at Flickeria’s sole discretion, and you may be referred to appropriate law enforcement agencies.
4.6. You must be 18 years or older to subscribe to any of the Sites.
4.7. IF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY FUTURE CHANGES ARE UNACCEPTABLE TO YOU OR CAUSE YOU TO NO LONGER BE IN COMPLIANCE, YOU MAY CANCEL YOUR PAID SUBSCRIPTION BY REQUESTING AN ORDER CANCELLATION FROM A LINK IN THE SUPPORT SECTION (SEE SECTION 10 REGARDING TERMINATION). YOU MAY CANCEL YOUR TRIAL MEMBERSHIP FROM A LINK IN THE SUPPORT SECTION. YOUR CONTINUED USE OF ANY SITE NOW, OR FOLLOWING THE POSTING OF NOTICE OF ANY CHANGES IN THIS AGREEMENT, WILL CONSTITUTE YOUR BINDING ACCEPTANCE OF SUCH RULES, CHANGES OR MODIFICATIONS.
5. Fees & Payments
5.1. Flickeria reserves the right at any time to charge fees or change the price for access to any of the Sites. In the event that Flickeria so elects, it shall post notice in the Members’ Services section of the applicable Site. You agree to pay all fees and charges incurred through your account at the rates in effect for the billing period in which such fees and charges are incurred, including, but not limited to charges for any products or services offered for sale through the Sites by Flickeria or by any other vendor or service provider. All fees and charges shall be billed to and paid for by you. You will not receive access to any service until subscription fees have been received by Flickeria. In the event of termination, your paid subscription will remain active through the end of the subscription term. You are responsible for the payment of any and all applicable taxes relating to use of the Sites through your account. Your right to use the Sites is subject to any limits established by Flickeria in its sole discretion.
5.2. You understand that your paid subscription will renew automatically at the end of your subscription period until you request a cancellation (See Section 10. Termination), and you hereby authorize Flickeria (or its service provider) to charge your chosen payment method to pay for the ongoing fees relating to your subscription.
5.3. In the event that Flickeria issues a refund, the refund will be credited solely to the payment method used in the original transaction. Flickeria will not issue refunds by cash, check or to another credit card or payment mechanism.
5.4. To complete your purchase you may be transferred to the secured server of CCBill, EPOCH or Netbilling and/or their providers (“Service Provider”), independent companies providing subscription payment processing and other billing services for website operators, such as the owner and operator of this Site. Neither Service Provider nor any person or company related to Service Provider holds any ownership interest in this Site, nor receives any financial benefit from this Site, other than a fee paid by the owner of this Site to Service Provider for the services performed by Service Provider. Service Provider HAS NO CONTROL OVER THE SITE, or any of the design, layout, content, subject matter, products, services or persons that appear in or on or that are linked to the Site, or the geographical areas into which it may disseminate, broadcast or permit the downloading of or access to the content or services offered by the Site. Accordingly, Service Provider makes absolutely no representations and/or warranties, and provides no assurances, regarding the Site, the Site owner, or the quality, availability, legality or description of the products and/or services offered thereon. SERVICE PROVIDER EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES OF CLIENT’S ABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO THIS SITE AND/OR THE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OFFERED HEREON. Any disputes arising in connection with this Site, or the products and/or services being offered or purchased, are between you and the owner of this Site. In certain circumstances, Service Provider may provide subscription and billing customer service for the Site, in which case Service Provider may be handling such disputes. In all other cases, disputes related to the Products and Services should be directed to the contact information contained on the Site; however, you should feel free to contact Service Provider in the event that you feel that the Site operator acted fraudulently, or you were misled in any way. Service Provider urges you to carefully read the Terms and Conditions on the Site, and to ask the Site operator any questions you may have regarding the service/product before completing the subscription or other transaction, by using the contact information on this Site. By submitting your request for authorization of your transaction, you acknowledge having read, understood and agreed to the terms and conditions herein stated, AND agree to indemnify, defend, and hold Service Provider harmless from any and all liabilities, damages (including attorneys fees and associated costs) and other costs and expenses arising in connection with your visit to or use of this Site, and/or your purchase or offer to purchase any of the products and services offered hereon.
6. Representation and Warranties
6.1. You represent, warrant and covenant (a) that no materials of any kind submitted by you or through your account, or Flickeria’s use thereof in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, will (i) violate, plagiarize or infringe upon the rights of any third party, including, without limitation, copyright, trademark, privacy or publicity, moral rights, contract or other personal or proprietary rights; (ii) contain unlawful material, or otherwise violate any applicable laws, rules or regulations; (iii) constitute false or misleading indications of origin or statements of fact; (iv) slander, libel or defame any person or entity; or (v) cause injury of any kind to any person or entity; and (b) that you are at least 18 years old or the applicable age of majority in your jurisdiction and possess the legal authority to enter into this Agreement.
6.2. Flickeria makes no representation that the Content on the Sites is appropriate for access outside of the United States. Those who choose to access any of the Sites from outside of the United States do so on their own initiative and are responsible for compliance with local laws.
6.3. Flickeria neither represents nor endorses the accuracy or reliability of any advice, opinion, statement or other information displayed, uploaded, or distributed through the Sites or the Service by any user, information provider or any other person or entity. THE SITES, THE SERVICE AND ANY MATERIALS PROVIDED BY Flickeria OR THIRD PARTIES THROUGH THE SAME ARE PROVIDED “AS IS.” Flickeria MAKES NO, AND HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL, WARRANTIES (EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE OR PURPOSE, TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY), CONDITIONS, GUARANTIES, OR REPRESENTATIONS, WHETHER ORAL, IN WRITING OR IN ELECTRONIC FORM, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE ACCURACY, TIMELINESS OR USEFULNESS OF ANY MATERIALS PROVIDED THROUGH ANY OF THE SITES OR THE SERVICE. Flickeria DOES NOT GUARANTEE THAT YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF ANY OF THE SITES OR THE CONTENT AVAILABLE THEREON WILL BE CONTINUOUS, UNINTERRUPTED, ERROR-FREE OR SECURE AND MAKES NO WARRANTY AS TO THE RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USE OF THE SERVICE. Flickeria MAY CHANGE ANY INFORMATION OR CONTENT FOUND ON ANY OF THE SITES AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE, BUT MAKES NO COMMITMENT TO UPDATE ANY INFORMATION OR CONTENT FOUND ON ANY OF THE SITES.
6.4. You hereby acknowledge that the use of the Service, any Site and the Content available thereon is at your sole risk.
6.3. Flickeria neither represents nor endorses the accuracy or reliability of any advice, opinion, statement or other information displayed, uploaded, or distributed through the Sites or the Service by any user, information provider or any other person or entity. THE SITES, THE SERVICE AND ANY MATERIALS PROVIDED BY Flickeria OR THIRD PARTIES THROUGH THE SAME ARE PROVIDED “AS IS.” Flickeria MAKES NO, AND HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL, WARRANTIES (EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE OR PURPOSE, TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY), CONDITIONS, GUARANTIES, OR REPRESENTATIONS, WHETHER ORAL, IN WRITING OR IN ELECTRONIC FORM, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE ACCURACY, TIMELINESS OR USEFULNESS OF ANY MATERIALS PROVIDED THROUGH ANY OF THE SITES OR THE SERVICE. Flickeria DOES NOT GUARANTEE THAT YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF ANY OF THE SITES OR THE CONTENT AVAILABLE THEREON WILL BE CONTINUOUS, UNINTERRUPTED, ERROR-FREE OR SECURE AND MAKES NO WARRANTY AS TO THE RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USE OF THE SERVICE. Flickeria MAY CHANGE ANY INFORMATION OR CONTENT FOUND ON ANY OF THE SITES AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE, BUT MAKES NO COMMITMENT TO UPDATE ANY INFORMATION OR CONTENT FOUND ON ANY OF THE SITES.
6.4. You hereby acknowledge that the use of the Service, any Site and the Content available thereon is at your sole risk.
7. Indemnification
7.1. You hereby agree to indemnify, defend and hold Flickeria and its officers, directors, owners, agents, information providers, affiliates, licensors and licensees (collectively, the “Indemnified Parties”) harmless from and against any and all causes of action, claims, liabilities and costs incurred by the Indemnified Parties in connection with any claim arising from of any breach by you of this Agreement or the foregoing representations, warranties and covenants, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees. You shall cooperate as fully as reasonably required in the defense of any claim. Flickeria reserves the right, at its own expense, to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter otherwise subject to indemnification by you. You shall not enter into any settlement agreement that affects the rights of Flickeria without Flickeria’s prior written approval.
8. Limitation of Liability
8.1. NEITHER Flickeria NOR ANY OTHER PARTY INVOLVED IN CREATING, PRODUCING OR DELIVERING THE SITES OR THE SERVICE SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR: (a) ANY DIRECT OR INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, SPECIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGE OR LOSS INCURRED IN CONNECTION WITH USE OF, OR INABILITY TO USE, THE SERVICE, ANY OF THE SITES, OR THE CONTENT THEREON; (b) ANY OF THE MATERIALS PROVIDED BY Flickeria OR THIRD PARTIES THROUGH ANY OF THE SITES OR THE SERVICE; OR (c) ANY DAMAGE OR LOSS INTERRUPTIONS, DELETIONS OF FILES, ERRORS, DEFECTS, DELAYS IN PERFORMANCE OF THE SERVICE, REGARDLESS OF THE CLAIM AS TO THE NATURE OF THE CAUSE OF ACTION, EVEN IF Flickeria HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE OR LOSS. Some jurisdictions may not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above exclusions shall only apply to the extent permissible under applicable law.
8.2. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMISSIBLE UNDER APPLICABLE LAW, Flickeria’s AGGREGATE LIABILITY, AND THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF OUR LICENSORS, TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCE IS LIMITED TO ONE HUNDRED U.S. DOLLARS (U.S. $100.00).
9. System Integrity
9.1. You may not use any device, software or routine to interfere or attempt to interfere with the proper working of any Site or any transaction conducted on a Site. You may not take any action, which imposes an unreasonable or disproportionately large load on our infrastructure. You may not disclose or share your password with any third party or use your password for any unauthorized purpose.
10. Termination
10.1. You may cancel your subscription in the Support section of this site. You will retain access through the duration of your subscription term. You are responsible for all charges incurred up to the time the account is deactivated.
10.2. Flickeria may, in its sole discretion, terminate or suspend your access or refuse service at any time, without notice, to all or part of any of the Sites or Service for any or no reason, including, without limitation, any breach of this Agreement by you or associated with your account, any assignment of your account to a third party, or the repeated infringement of copyrights owned by Flickeria or third parties.
10.3. Flickeria, including, without limitation, its authorized agents and employees may terminate your use of any or all of the Sites and/or your account without notice in the event that you breach any obligation in this Agreement, including but not limited to, (a) restricting, inhibiting or disrupting the operation of any Site; or (b) attempting to alter or improperly access any feature or function of any of the Sites. Your access may also be subject to termination if you post or transmit any illegal content; harass or threaten any user of any Site or any Flickeria employee; post content (including, but not limited to, the creation of a username) that is offensive or otherwise disruptive of Site activities; post unsolicited advertising; or improperly impersonate a Flickeria employee or other individual.
11. Miscellaneous
11.1. This Agreement has been made in and shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the Iaw without regard to any conflict of law provisions. You agree that any action to enforce this Agreement shall be brought in the federal or state courts located in Baltimore, Maryland and you hereby consent to the personal jurisdiction and venue of the courts located in Baltimore City, Maryland.
11.2. Official correspondence must be sent via postal mail to: Flickeria Attn: General Counsel 3727 Frankford Avenue Baltimore, Maryland 21206
11.3. This Agreement, the Privacy Statement and any other terms referenced in this Agreement constitute the entire agreement between you and Flickeria with respect to your access to and use of the Sites and Service and supersede all prior or contemporaneous agreements (whether oral, written or electronic) between you and Flickeria with respect to the Site and/or Service. If any of the provisions of this Agreement are determined to be invalid or unenforceable, then each invalid or unenforceable provision will be construed in a manner consistent with applicable laws to reflect, as nearly as possible, the original intentions of the parties and the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect.
11.4. Flickeria may assign this Agreement: (a) to any of its affiliates, (b) to the surviving entity in the event of a merger, acquisition, or the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of Flickeria or (c) in connection with the sale of any of the Sites or the business unit associated with such Site(s). F. Acceptance You hereby acknowledge that you have read and understand the foregoing Agreement and agree to be bound by its terms and conditions.
